The Almohads overthrow the Almoravids by conquering Marrakesh. They institute puritanical policies throughout their domains in North Africa and Spain. Ibn Bassam — whose compendium, Al-Dhakira, is a valuable historical source — dies in Santarem. His death occurs a few years after the demise of Judah Halevi, an eminent Andalusi…
Ibn Tumart Spreads His Unitarian Doctrine
The Berber preacher, Ibn Tumart, spreads his unitarian doctrine in North Africa, creating the Almohad movement. Over the next two decades, his disciple, Abd al-Mu’min, challenges the Almoravids and extends Almohad rule as far as Egypt.
Andalusi Scholars and Pilgrims Travel Across the Mediterranean
Andalusi scholars, pilgrims, and trade goods travel across the Mediterranean, spreading Andalusi culture and ideas eastward. Guilds, investment partnerships, and banking institutions become increasingly important in Mediterranean trade. This trend is evidenced by letters of credit, court papers, and commercial documents, which were being deposited in the geniza (repository) of…
Pope Urban II Calls On Christians To Reclaim Jerusalem
Pope Urban II calls on Christians to reclaim Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks, launching the first of several Crusades in the Holy Land. In Iberia, Christian rulers take up the cause in the form of Reconquista. Thus, they begin to more purposefully coordinate their military efforts against Al-Andalus.
