Scholar Ali Ibn Hazm, having renounced political service, produces numerous theological, legal, and moralistic writings, in addition to the Tawq al-Hamamah (“The Dove’s Necklace”), a compendium of humorous observations about love and human nature. At Zaragosa, Solomon ibn Gabirol composes Judeo-Arabic poetry, a famous moral treatise, and the Meqor Hayyim (“The Fountain of Life”), a philosophical work that influenced Christian scholastic debates in 13th century Europe.